This article addresses resource reallocation among production processes.Proposed model is formalized in the base of Barnum and Gleason model [2]. The objective function minimizes the sum of same kind inputs. This model reallocates resource to all subunits such that DMU allocation efficiency improves and also concerns subunits efficiency. A production function is defined for any output and therefore model is generalized to multiple outputs. Also an application is investigated involving bank area.

Introduction: Conventional operations in fields, soil and water management are not efficient and loss of and damage to the environment are considerable (Lal, 2000). Crop diversity and understanding the complex interactions between environmental and socioeconomic factors are approaches to make better use of limited resources (Tengberg et al., 1998). The most diverse ecosystems have a higher production under environment stress conditions compared with ecosystems with low diversity due to the better efficiency in the use of water, radiation and nutrients (Hulugalle & al, 1986; Walker & Ogindo, 2003).Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of crop diversity and nutrient source on resource use efficiency, a split plot experiment was conducted based on complete randomized blocks with 3 replications at the Agricultural Research Station, the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during 2006 and 2007. The treatments included manure and chemical fertilizers as the main plots and intercropping of 3 soybean varieties (Williams, Sahar and Gorgan3), intercropping of 3 Millet species (common millet, foxtail millet and pearl millet), intercropping of millet, soybean and sesame (Sesamum indicum) and intercropping of millet, sesame, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) as sub plots.Results and Discussion: The results indicated that in the first year, intercropping of 3 Millet species and intercropping of millet, soybean and sesame showed the highest water use efficiency (WUE) based on biological yield. In the second year, intercropping of 3 millet species showed the highest WUE based on biological yield. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in crop tissues were observed in intercropping of 3 soybean varieties and intercropping of millet, soybean and sesame. In the first year, intercropping of 3 soybean varieties showed the highest nutrient use efficiency (NUE). In the second year, intercropping of 3 soybean varieties, intercropping of millet, soybean and sesame and intercropping of millet, sesame, fenugreek and ajowan showed the highest NUE. In the two years, intercropping of millet, soybean and sesame and intercropping of millet, sesame, fenugreek and ajowan showed the highest nitrogen and phosphorus absorption efficiency (NAE).Intercropping of millet, soybean and sesame showed the highest potassium uptake efficiency. In this study, nutrient resource did not have a significant effect on water and nutrient use efficiency.The research results have indicated that often nitrogen amount and use efficiency in legume and non legume intercropping were higher than monocultures. This indicates the synergist effect in the intercroppings (Vandermeer, 1989; Szumigalski & Van Acker, 2006). In general, the different benefits of diversity and better use of available inputs are obtained by increasing the diversity of crops and proper selection of plants cultivated in intercropping systems and crop rotations in monoculture systems Acknowledgments This research (044 p) was funded by the Vice Chancellor for Research of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, which is hereby acknowledged.

Today, thinkers and policymakers envision new roles for human resource management, one of the most important one is "competency-basing" in all functions of human resource management from planning and selection as input processes to the development and maintenance and output processes of human resources. The purpose of this article is to review the “, Competency-Based Human Resource Management”,book by David Dubios et al. The book is reviewed and criticized based on two methods of formalist critique that focuses on form-elements such as structure and writing-and research critique that gives originality to the content, and also based on the criteria of the Iranian Council for Reviewing Books and Text on Human Sciences. Findings showed that the main strengths of the book are having a theoretical and practical perspective, paying attention to the organizational context in the application of competencies and confronting and comparing traditional with competency-based human resource processes. This work also has points for improvement, the most important of which are the lack of up-to-date references despite the reprint of the book, issues unrelated to or less related to the main concept of the book, and the need to explain new methods of human resource management processes in the competency-based approach. In the end, based on the findings, suggestions were made in two headings of form and content.

As a central concern and a key directive of the Supreme Leader, human resource productivity has been extensively emphasized in his statements and guidelines. Given that the strength of the economy and national macro-management relies on the optimal utilization of existing capacities and the adoption of long-term strategies to enhance organizational and human resource productivity, Imam Khamenei has consistently highlighted this issue in annual slogans [e.g., “Rawnaq-i Tawlīd” (Production Boom), “Iqtiṣād-i Muqāvimatī” (Economy of Resistance), and “Rushd-i Tawlīd” (Production Growth)]. The present study, utilizing library resources, specialized software, and cyberspace, employs content analysis and interpretive methods to explore the components of human resource efficiency in the Quranic thought of Imam Khamenei. The findings indicate that, based on divine revelation, Imam Khamenei identifies components such as faith and trust in God, preserving employee dignity, competent leadership, enhancing job motivation, fostering competitiveness, improving physical and mental well-being, education and institutionalizing a monotheistic culture, expertise and commitment, experience, and attention to creativity and innovation as key factors in enhancing human resource efficiency. The study concludes that the growth and development of organizations and Islamic societies are closely tied to the level of human resource efficiency. Achieving this requires systematic adherence to the identified components and their precise implementation at various organizational and societal levels. Thus, prioritizing these factors enhances organizational efficiency and effectiveness and paves the way for the progress and elevation of Islamic societies across multiple dimensions  .

In this article, centralized resource allocation (CRA) models based on the value efficiency in DEA and DEA-R are recommended. In general, if the input and output data of decision-making units are available, DEA models provide targets of units on the efficiency frontier in addition to the efficiency of units. However, if only a ratio of the input data to output data, or vice versa, is available, DEA models cannot determine the efficiency and target of units. In order to overcome this problem, DEA-R models are utilized. With a linear programming problem, centralized resource allocation models can achieve the projection of all decision-making units on the efficiency frontier. Therefore, in the present article, the projection of inefficient units in DEA and DEA-R is achieved using the CRA models based on the value efficiency (considering units that the manager defines as MPS). Finally, a case study is carried out for clothing companies of a specific brand.

Cloud computing is a result of the continuing progress made in the areas of hardware, technologies related to the Internet, distributed computing and automated management. The Increasing demand has led to an increase in services resulting in the establishment of largescale computing and data centers, in addition to high operating costs and huge amounts of electrical power consumption. Insufficient cooling systems and inefficient, causing overheating sources, shortening the life of the machine and too much carbon dioxide is produced. In this paper, we aim to improve system performance; Cloud Computing based on a decrease in migration of among virtual machines (VM), and reduce energy consumption to be able to manage resources to achieve optimal energy efficiency. For this reason, various techniques such as genetic algorithms (GAs), virtual machine migration and ways Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), and resize virtual machines to reduce energy consumption and fault tolerance are used. The main purpose of this article, the allocation of resources with the aim of reducing energy consumption in cloud computing. The results show that reduced energy consumption and hold down the rate of virtual machines breach of contract, reduces migration as well.